ABSTRACT
Background@#Streptococcus mutans is the leading cause of dental caries. One of many medicinal plants, purple leaf [Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff], which contains flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, steroids, and saponins, is a potential antibacterial agent. @*Objective@#This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of purple leaf extract (Graptophyllum pictum L. Griff) against Streptococcus mutans. @*Methods@#Streptococcus mutans were suspended in several Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff extract concentrations in a BHIB medium using the dilution method so that the concentration of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.12%, 1.56%, 0.78% were obtained. Each tube was incubated for 24 hours, then subcultured in a Tryptone Yeast Extract Cystine medium in a petri dish using a spreader. Each petri dish was set for 24 hours; the growth of the colony, using CFU/mL unit, was manually calculated. The samples were then subjected to microbiological analysis. The Tukey's Honest Significant Difference test was performed to determine if the relationship between the sets of data in the treatment group is statistically significant (p<0.05). @*Results@#Purple leaf extract contains bioactive compounds such as flavonoid, alkaloid, tannin, triterpenoid/ steroid, and saponin. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff against Streptococcus mutans was in concentration 3.125%, and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was in concentration 6.25%. @*Conclusion@#Purple Leaf Extract [Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff] has antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans.
Subject(s)
Medicine , Phytochemicals , Streptococcus mutansABSTRACT
@#Introduction: Aggressive periodontitis has the characteristics of rapid loss of periodontal tissue and bone destruction resulting in tooth loss. Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff. is widely used as herbal medicine in Indonesia. The flavonoid content in Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff. is known to have a role as an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant. This research aimed to analyze the role of Graptophyllum Pictum (L.) Griff. extract gel on the amount of macrophages as an inflammatory indicator on periodontal tissue of Wistar rats with periodontitis. Methods: Periodontitis was produced in Wistar rats by induced of 2 ml 109 CFU A. actinomycetemcomitans at gingival sulcus of the upper right second molar, afterward were treated with 7.5%, 15%, and 30% Graptophyllum Pictum (L.) Griff. extract gel for 3 days. Gingival tissues were removed for Hematoxylin Eosin staining for histopathological analysis and measurement of the number of macrophages. Results: Graptophyllum Pictum (L.) Griff. extract gel at concentrations of 7.5%, 15%, and 30% could significantly decrease the number of macrophages, but only group with a concentration of 15 and 30% can reduce the number of macrophages to reach an amount equivalent to the level in the negative control group. A concentration of 30% extract gel could reduce the number of macrophage cells more than the other two treatment groups. Conclusion: The concentration of 30% Graptophyllum Pictum (L.) Griff. extract gel was the most effective concentration in decreasing the amount of macrophages.
ABSTRACT
@#Introduction: Tooth extraction is a regular method in dentistry in which it will result a lesion on the socket. The healing process of the lesion might lead to complication for instance bleeding, swelling, socket drying, and spreading of the infection. However, the healing process could be helped by the use of herbal medicine for it can reducing the complication risk. 90% freeze-drying Aloe vera gel, can grow the number of macrophages cells in which they play a significant role in the healing process. The purpose of this study was to determine an increasing number of macrophage cells in the wound healing process after tooth extraction after applying 90% freeze-drying Aloe vera gel. Method: freeze-drying Aloe vera consisted in CMC Na. Cavia cobaya divided into control group, day 1 and day 3, consists of the two groups without Aloe vera treatment and Treatment group, day 1 and day 3, consists of the two group treated with Aloe vera. Results: There is significant dissimilarity in both control and treatment group. In the treatment group, the number of macrophages between days 1 and 3 has been grown. It is because of the anti-inflammatory properties of Aloe vera. The activities and number of macrophages in tissue would be disrupted, if it is inhibited. Conclusion: 90% freeze-drying Aloe vera gel extract could increase number of macrophages in the healing process after tooth extraction on Cavia cobaya in observation days 1 and 3.